Axionlike particles (ALPs) can in principle be produced in very hot and dense astrophysical environments, escape from the extreme object where such conditions are met, and then be converted in gamma rays in the magnetic fields intervening between the event and the Earth. This process potentially offers a new window on both the physics of the axions, and the inner working of the astrophysical objects where they are produced. Interestingly, while this process has been studied for core-collapse supernovae and other extreme astrophysical events, no estimate exists for neutron star mergers, objects recently identified through the detection of gravitational waves. In this work we study the production of ALPs in neutron star mergers, finding that for a large region of the ALP parameter space its magnitude at the source is such to produce a sizable gamma-ray signal at Earth. We show detection forecasts for such events placed in nearby galaxies, finding that they are potentially observable with the Fermi-LAT, thus opening a new window into both the astrophysics of these cataclysmic events, and of new particles beyond the standard model.