Evidence of Runaway Gas Cooling in the Absence of Supermassive Black Hole Feedback at the Epoch of Cluster Formation

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  • J. Hlavacek-Larrondo
  • C. L. Rhea
  • T. Webb
  • M. McDonald
  • A. Muzzin
  • G. Wilson
  • K. Finner
  • F. Valin
  • N. Bonaventura
  • M. Cooper
  • A. C. Fabian
  • M-L Gendron-Marsolais
  • M. J. Jee
  • C. Lidman
  • M. Mezcua
  • A. Noble
  • H. R. Russell
  • J. Surace
  • A. Trudeau
  • H. K. C. Yee

Cosmological simulations, as well as mounting evidence from observations, have shown that supermassive black holes play a fundamental role in regulating the formation of stars throughout cosmic time. This has been clearly demonstrated in the case of galaxy clusters in which powerful feedback from the central black hole is preventing the hot intracluster gas from cooling catastrophically, thus reducing the expected star formation rates by orders of magnitude. These conclusions, however, have been almost entirely based on nearby clusters. Based on new Chandra X-ray observations, we present the first observational evidence for massive, runaway cooling occurring in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback in the high-redshift galaxy cluster SpARCS104922.6 + 564032.5 (z = 1.709). The hot intracluster gas appears to be fueling a massive burst of star formation (900Myr(-1)) that is offset by dozens of kpc from the central galaxy. The burst is co-spatial with the coolest intracluster gas but not associated with any galaxy in the cluster. In less than 100 million years, such runaway cooling can form the same amount of stars as in the Milky Way. Therefore, intracluster stars are not only produced by tidal stripping and the disruption of cluster galaxies, but can also be produced by runaway cooling of hot intracluster gas at early times. Overall, these observations show the dramatic impact when supermassive black hole feedback fails to operate in clusters. They indicate that in the highest overdensities, such as clusters and protoclusters, runaway cooling may be a new and important mechanism for fueling massive bursts of star formation in the early universe.

Original languageEnglish
Article number50
JournalAstrophysical Journal Letters
Volume898
Issue number2
Number of pages7
ISSN2041-8205
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2020

    Research areas

  • High-redshift galaxy clusters, Supermassive black holes, Cooling flows, Intracluster medium, X-ray observatories, RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS, X-RAY CAVITIES, INTRACLUSTER LIGHT, STAR-FORMATION, AGN FEEDBACK, SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION, CHANDRA, SAMPLE, ACCRETION, EMISSION

ID: 247494650