TY - JOUR

T1 - A cool and inflated progenitor candidate for the Type Ib supernova 2019yvr at 2.6 yr before explosion

AU - Kilpatrick, Charles D.

AU - Drout, Maria R.

AU - Auchettl, Katie

AU - Dimitriadis, Georgios

AU - Foley, Ryan J.

AU - Jones, David O.

AU - DeMarchi, Lindsay

AU - French, K. Decker

AU - Gall, Christa

AU - Hjorth, Jens

AU - Jacobson-Galan, Wynn

AU - Margutti, Raffaella

AU - Piro, Anthony L.

AU - Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico

AU - Rest, Armin

AU - Rojas-Bravo, Cesar

PY - 2021/6/2

Y1 - 2021/6/2

N2 - We present Hubble Space Telescope imaging of a pre-explosion counterpart to SN 2019yvr obtained 2.6 yr before its explosion as a type Ib supernova (SN Ib). Aligning to a post-explosion Gemini-S/GSAOI image, we demonstrate that there is a single source consistent with being the SN 2019yvr progenitor system, the second SN Ib progenitor candidate after iPTF13bvn. We also analysed pre-explosion Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) imaging, but we do not detect any counterparts at the SN location. SN 2019yvr was highly reddened, and comparing its spectra and photometry to those of other, less extinguished SNe Ib we derive E(B-V) = 0.51(-0.16)(+0.27)mag for SN 2019yvr. Correcting photometry of the pre-explosion source for dust reddening, we determine that this source is consistent with a log(L/L-circle dot) = 5.3 +/- 0.2 and K star. This relatively cool photospheric temperature implies a radius of 320(-50)(+30), much larger than expectations for SN Ib progenitor stars with trace amounts of hydrogen but in agreement with previously identified SN IIb progenitor systems. The photometry of the system is also consistent with binary star models that undergo common envelope evolution, leading to a primary star hydrogen envelope mass that is mostly depleted but still seemingly in conflict with the SN Ib classification of SN 2019yvr. SN 2019yvr had signatures of strong circumstellar interaction in late-time (>150 d) spectra and imaging, and so we consider eruptive mass-loss and common envelope evolution scenarios that explain the SN Ib spectroscopic class, pre-explosion counterpart, and dense circumstellar material. We also hypothesize that the apparent inflation could be caused by a quasi-photosphere formed in an extended, low-density envelope, or circumstellar matter around the primary star.

AB - We present Hubble Space Telescope imaging of a pre-explosion counterpart to SN 2019yvr obtained 2.6 yr before its explosion as a type Ib supernova (SN Ib). Aligning to a post-explosion Gemini-S/GSAOI image, we demonstrate that there is a single source consistent with being the SN 2019yvr progenitor system, the second SN Ib progenitor candidate after iPTF13bvn. We also analysed pre-explosion Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) imaging, but we do not detect any counterparts at the SN location. SN 2019yvr was highly reddened, and comparing its spectra and photometry to those of other, less extinguished SNe Ib we derive E(B-V) = 0.51(-0.16)(+0.27)mag for SN 2019yvr. Correcting photometry of the pre-explosion source for dust reddening, we determine that this source is consistent with a log(L/L-circle dot) = 5.3 +/- 0.2 and K star. This relatively cool photospheric temperature implies a radius of 320(-50)(+30), much larger than expectations for SN Ib progenitor stars with trace amounts of hydrogen but in agreement with previously identified SN IIb progenitor systems. The photometry of the system is also consistent with binary star models that undergo common envelope evolution, leading to a primary star hydrogen envelope mass that is mostly depleted but still seemingly in conflict with the SN Ib classification of SN 2019yvr. SN 2019yvr had signatures of strong circumstellar interaction in late-time (>150 d) spectra and imaging, and so we consider eruptive mass-loss and common envelope evolution scenarios that explain the SN Ib spectroscopic class, pre-explosion counterpart, and dense circumstellar material. We also hypothesize that the apparent inflation could be caused by a quasi-photosphere formed in an extended, low-density envelope, or circumstellar matter around the primary star.

KW - stars: evolution

KW - supernovae: general

KW - supernovae: individual (SN 2019yvr)

KW - CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA

KW - LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES

KW - ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM

KW - MASSIVE STARS

KW - IA SUPERNOVAE

KW - BINARY COMPANION

KW - CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM

KW - STELLAR EVOLUTION

KW - TIME OBSERVATIONS

KW - RED SUPERGIANTS

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab838

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab838

M3 - Journal article

VL - 504

SP - 2073

EP - 2093

JO - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

JF - Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 2

ER -