Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole

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Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. / Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauboeck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; Cardoso, Vitor; Cardoso, Manuel Jorge; Clenet, Y.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Dexter, J.; Eckart, A.; Eisenhauer, F.; Schreiber, N. M. Foerster; Garcia, P.; Gao, F.; Gendron, E.; Genzel, R.; Gillessen, S.; Habibi, M.; Haubois, X.; Henning, T.; Hippler, S.; Horrobin, M.; Jimenez-Rosales, A.; Jochum, L.; Jocou, L.; Kaufer, A.; Kervella, P.; Lacour, S.; Lapeyrere; Le Bouquin, J-B; Nowak, M.; Lena, P.; Ott, T.; Paumard, T.; Perraut, K.; Perrin, G.; Pfuhl, O.; Rodriguez-Coira, G.; Shangguan, J.; Scheithauer, S.; Stadler, J.; Straub, O.; Straubmeier, C.; Sturm, E.; Tacconi, L. J.; Vincent, F.; von Fellenberg, S.; Waisberg; Widmann, F.; GRAVITY Collaboration.

I: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Bind 636, L5, 16.04.2020.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt

Harvard

Abuter, R, Amorim, A, Bauboeck, M, Berger, JP, Bonnet, H, Brandner, W, Cardoso, V, Cardoso, MJ, Clenet, Y, de Zeeuw, PT, Dexter, J, Eckart, A, Eisenhauer, F, Schreiber, NMF, Garcia, P, Gao, F, Gendron, E, Genzel, R, Gillessen, S, Habibi, M, Haubois, X, Henning, T, Hippler, S, Horrobin, M, Jimenez-Rosales, A, Jochum, L, Jocou, L, Kaufer, A, Kervella, P, Lacour, S, Lapeyrere, Le Bouquin, J-B, Nowak, M, Lena, P, Ott, T, Paumard, T, Perraut, K, Perrin, G, Pfuhl, O, Rodriguez-Coira, G, Shangguan, J, Scheithauer, S, Stadler, J, Straub, O, Straubmeier, C, Sturm, E, Tacconi, LJ, Vincent, F, von Fellenberg, S, Waisberg, Widmann, F & GRAVITY Collaboration 2020, 'Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole', Astronomy & Astrophysics, bind 636, L5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037813

APA

Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauboeck, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cardoso, V., Cardoso, M. J., Clenet, Y., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. F., Garcia, P., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., ... GRAVITY Collaboration (2020). Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 636, [L5]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037813

Vancouver

Abuter R, Amorim A, Bauboeck M, Berger JP, Bonnet H, Brandner W o.a. Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020 apr. 16;636. L5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037813

Author

Abuter, R. ; Amorim, A. ; Bauboeck, M. ; Berger, J. P. ; Bonnet, H. ; Brandner, W. ; Cardoso, Vitor ; Cardoso, Manuel Jorge ; Clenet, Y. ; de Zeeuw, P. T. ; Dexter, J. ; Eckart, A. ; Eisenhauer, F. ; Schreiber, N. M. Foerster ; Garcia, P. ; Gao, F. ; Gendron, E. ; Genzel, R. ; Gillessen, S. ; Habibi, M. ; Haubois, X. ; Henning, T. ; Hippler, S. ; Horrobin, M. ; Jimenez-Rosales, A. ; Jochum, L. ; Jocou, L. ; Kaufer, A. ; Kervella, P. ; Lacour, S. ; Lapeyrere ; Le Bouquin, J-B ; Nowak, M. ; Lena, P. ; Ott, T. ; Paumard, T. ; Perraut, K. ; Perrin, G. ; Pfuhl, O. ; Rodriguez-Coira, G. ; Shangguan, J. ; Scheithauer, S. ; Stadler, J. ; Straub, O. ; Straubmeier, C. ; Sturm, E. ; Tacconi, L. J. ; Vincent, F. ; von Fellenberg, S. ; Waisberg ; Widmann, F. ; GRAVITY Collaboration. / Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. I: Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020 ; Bind 636.

Bibtex

@article{4ab2d83c50634331995687852a44260d,
title = "Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole",
abstract = "The star S2 orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* is a precision probe of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole (candidate). Over the last 2.7 decades we have monitored the star's radial velocity and motion on the sky, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics (AO) instruments on the ESO VLT, and since 2017, with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner instrument GRAVITY. In this Letter we report the first detection of the General Relativity (GR) Schwarzschild Precession (SP) in S2's orbit. Owing to its highly elliptical orbit (e=0.88), S2's SP is mainly a kink between the pre-and post-pericentre directions of motion approximate to +/- 1 year around pericentre passage, relative to the corresponding Kepler orbit. The superb 2017-2019 astrometry of GRAVITY defines the pericentre passage and outgoing direction. The incoming direction is anchored by 118 NACO-AO measurements of S2's position in the infrared reference frame, with an additional 75 direct measurements of the S2-Sgr A* separation during bright states ({"}flares{"}) of Sgr A*. Our 14-parameter model fits for the distance, central mass, the position and motion of the reference frame of the AO astrometry relative to the mass, the six parameters of the orbit, as well as a dimensionless parameter f(SP) for the SP (f(SP)=0 for Newton and 1 for GR). From data up to the end of 2019 we robustly detect the SP of S2, delta phi approximate to 12 ' per orbital period. From posterior fitting and MCMC Bayesian analysis with different weighting schemes and bootstrapping we find f(SP)=1.10 +/- 0.19. The S2 data are fully consistent with GR. Any extended mass inside S2's orbit cannot exceed approximate to 0.1% of the central mass. Any compact third mass inside the central arcsecond must be less than about 1000 M-circle dot.",
keywords = "black hole physics, Galaxy: nucleus, gravitation, relativistic processes, SGR A-ASTERISK, STELLAR ORBITS, GENERAL-RELATIVITY, YOUNG STARS, GALAXY, RESOLUTION, SINFONI, FIELD, MILKY, DYNAMICS",
author = "R. Abuter and A. Amorim and M. Bauboeck and Berger, {J. P.} and H. Bonnet and W. Brandner and Vitor Cardoso and Cardoso, {Manuel Jorge} and Y. Clenet and {de Zeeuw}, {P. T.} and J. Dexter and A. Eckart and F. Eisenhauer and Schreiber, {N. M. Foerster} and P. Garcia and F. Gao and E. Gendron and R. Genzel and S. Gillessen and M. Habibi and X. Haubois and T. Henning and S. Hippler and M. Horrobin and A. Jimenez-Rosales and L. Jochum and L. Jocou and A. Kaufer and P. Kervella and S. Lacour and Lapeyrere and {Le Bouquin}, J-B and M. Nowak and P. Lena and T. Ott and T. Paumard and K. Perraut and G. Perrin and O. Pfuhl and G. Rodriguez-Coira and J. Shangguan and S. Scheithauer and J. Stadler and O. Straub and C. Straubmeier and E. Sturm and Tacconi, {L. J.} and F. Vincent and {von Fellenberg}, S. and Waisberg and F. Widmann and {GRAVITY Collaboration}",
year = "2020",
month = apr,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202037813",
language = "English",
volume = "636",
journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
issn = "0004-6361",
publisher = "E D P Sciences",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole

AU - Abuter, R.

AU - Amorim, A.

AU - Bauboeck, M.

AU - Berger, J. P.

AU - Bonnet, H.

AU - Brandner, W.

AU - Cardoso, Vitor

AU - Cardoso, Manuel Jorge

AU - Clenet, Y.

AU - de Zeeuw, P. T.

AU - Dexter, J.

AU - Eckart, A.

AU - Eisenhauer, F.

AU - Schreiber, N. M. Foerster

AU - Garcia, P.

AU - Gao, F.

AU - Gendron, E.

AU - Genzel, R.

AU - Gillessen, S.

AU - Habibi, M.

AU - Haubois, X.

AU - Henning, T.

AU - Hippler, S.

AU - Horrobin, M.

AU - Jimenez-Rosales, A.

AU - Jochum, L.

AU - Jocou, L.

AU - Kaufer, A.

AU - Kervella, P.

AU - Lacour, S.

AU - Lapeyrere, null

AU - Le Bouquin, J-B

AU - Nowak, M.

AU - Lena, P.

AU - Ott, T.

AU - Paumard, T.

AU - Perraut, K.

AU - Perrin, G.

AU - Pfuhl, O.

AU - Rodriguez-Coira, G.

AU - Shangguan, J.

AU - Scheithauer, S.

AU - Stadler, J.

AU - Straub, O.

AU - Straubmeier, C.

AU - Sturm, E.

AU - Tacconi, L. J.

AU - Vincent, F.

AU - von Fellenberg, S.

AU - Waisberg, null

AU - Widmann, F.

AU - GRAVITY Collaboration

PY - 2020/4/16

Y1 - 2020/4/16

N2 - The star S2 orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* is a precision probe of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole (candidate). Over the last 2.7 decades we have monitored the star's radial velocity and motion on the sky, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics (AO) instruments on the ESO VLT, and since 2017, with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner instrument GRAVITY. In this Letter we report the first detection of the General Relativity (GR) Schwarzschild Precession (SP) in S2's orbit. Owing to its highly elliptical orbit (e=0.88), S2's SP is mainly a kink between the pre-and post-pericentre directions of motion approximate to +/- 1 year around pericentre passage, relative to the corresponding Kepler orbit. The superb 2017-2019 astrometry of GRAVITY defines the pericentre passage and outgoing direction. The incoming direction is anchored by 118 NACO-AO measurements of S2's position in the infrared reference frame, with an additional 75 direct measurements of the S2-Sgr A* separation during bright states ("flares") of Sgr A*. Our 14-parameter model fits for the distance, central mass, the position and motion of the reference frame of the AO astrometry relative to the mass, the six parameters of the orbit, as well as a dimensionless parameter f(SP) for the SP (f(SP)=0 for Newton and 1 for GR). From data up to the end of 2019 we robustly detect the SP of S2, delta phi approximate to 12 ' per orbital period. From posterior fitting and MCMC Bayesian analysis with different weighting schemes and bootstrapping we find f(SP)=1.10 +/- 0.19. The S2 data are fully consistent with GR. Any extended mass inside S2's orbit cannot exceed approximate to 0.1% of the central mass. Any compact third mass inside the central arcsecond must be less than about 1000 M-circle dot.

AB - The star S2 orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* is a precision probe of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole (candidate). Over the last 2.7 decades we have monitored the star's radial velocity and motion on the sky, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics (AO) instruments on the ESO VLT, and since 2017, with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner instrument GRAVITY. In this Letter we report the first detection of the General Relativity (GR) Schwarzschild Precession (SP) in S2's orbit. Owing to its highly elliptical orbit (e=0.88), S2's SP is mainly a kink between the pre-and post-pericentre directions of motion approximate to +/- 1 year around pericentre passage, relative to the corresponding Kepler orbit. The superb 2017-2019 astrometry of GRAVITY defines the pericentre passage and outgoing direction. The incoming direction is anchored by 118 NACO-AO measurements of S2's position in the infrared reference frame, with an additional 75 direct measurements of the S2-Sgr A* separation during bright states ("flares") of Sgr A*. Our 14-parameter model fits for the distance, central mass, the position and motion of the reference frame of the AO astrometry relative to the mass, the six parameters of the orbit, as well as a dimensionless parameter f(SP) for the SP (f(SP)=0 for Newton and 1 for GR). From data up to the end of 2019 we robustly detect the SP of S2, delta phi approximate to 12 ' per orbital period. From posterior fitting and MCMC Bayesian analysis with different weighting schemes and bootstrapping we find f(SP)=1.10 +/- 0.19. The S2 data are fully consistent with GR. Any extended mass inside S2's orbit cannot exceed approximate to 0.1% of the central mass. Any compact third mass inside the central arcsecond must be less than about 1000 M-circle dot.

KW - black hole physics

KW - Galaxy: nucleus

KW - gravitation

KW - relativistic processes

KW - SGR A-ASTERISK

KW - STELLAR ORBITS

KW - GENERAL-RELATIVITY

KW - YOUNG STARS

KW - GALAXY

KW - RESOLUTION

KW - SINFONI

KW - FIELD

KW - MILKY

KW - DYNAMICS

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202037813

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202037813

M3 - Journal article

VL - 636

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

SN - 0004-6361

M1 - L5

ER -

ID: 298634966