TY - CHAP

T1 - Astrochemistry During the Formation of Stars

AU - Jorgensen, Jes K.

AU - Belloche, Arnaud

AU - Garrod, Robin T.

PY - 2020/7/24

Y1 - 2020/7/24

N2 - Star-forming regions show a rich and varied chemistry, including the presence of complex organic molecules-in both the cold gas distributed on large scales and the hot regions close to young stars where protoplanetary disks arise. Recent advances in observational techniques have opened new possibilities for studying this chemistry. In particular, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array has made it possible to study astrochemistry down to Solar System-size scales while also revealing molecules of increasing variety and complexity. In this review, we discuss recent observations of the chemistry of star-forming environments, with a particular focus on complex organic molecules, taking context from the laboratory experiments and chemical models that they have stimulated. The key takeaway points include the following:The physical evolution of individual sources plays a crucial role in their inferred chemical signatures and remains an important area for observations and models to elucidate.Comparisons of the abundances measured toward different starforming environments (high-mass versus low-mass, Galactic Center versus Galactic disk) reveal a remarkable similarity, which is an indication that the underlying chemistry is relatively independent of variations in their physical conditions.Studies of molecular isotopologues in star-forming regions provide a link with measurements in our own Solar System, and thus may shed light on the chemical similarities and differences expected in other planetary systems.

AB - Star-forming regions show a rich and varied chemistry, including the presence of complex organic molecules-in both the cold gas distributed on large scales and the hot regions close to young stars where protoplanetary disks arise. Recent advances in observational techniques have opened new possibilities for studying this chemistry. In particular, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array has made it possible to study astrochemistry down to Solar System-size scales while also revealing molecules of increasing variety and complexity. In this review, we discuss recent observations of the chemistry of star-forming environments, with a particular focus on complex organic molecules, taking context from the laboratory experiments and chemical models that they have stimulated. The key takeaway points include the following:The physical evolution of individual sources plays a crucial role in their inferred chemical signatures and remains an important area for observations and models to elucidate.Comparisons of the abundances measured toward different starforming environments (high-mass versus low-mass, Galactic Center versus Galactic disk) reveal a remarkable similarity, which is an indication that the underlying chemistry is relatively independent of variations in their physical conditions.Studies of molecular isotopologues in star-forming regions provide a link with measurements in our own Solar System, and thus may shed light on the chemical similarities and differences expected in other planetary systems.

KW - complex molecules

KW - interstellar medium

KW - interstellar molecules

KW - star formation

KW - submillimeter astronomy

KW - COMPLEX ORGANIC-MOLECULES

KW - ALMA-PILS SURVEY

KW - PROTOSTAR IRAS 16293-2422

KW - BANK TELESCOPE DETECTION

KW - GRAIN-SURFACE-CHEMISTRY

KW - GAS-PHASE FORMATION

KW - GALACTIC-CENTER

KW - HIGH-RESOLUTION

KW - SAGITTARIUS B2

KW - DEUTERATED METHANOL

U2 - 10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021927

DO - 10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021927

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 9780824309541

VL - 58

T3 - Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

SP - 727

EP - 778

BT - ANNUAL REVIEW

A2 - VanDishoeck, EF

A2 - Kennicutt, RC

PB - Annual Reviews, inc.

CY - CA, USA

ER -