A formation pathway for terrestrial planets with moderate water content involving atmospheric-volatile recycling
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A formation pathway for terrestrial planets with moderate water content involving atmospheric-volatile recycling. / Müller, Jonas; Bitsch, Bertram; Schneider, Aaron David.
I: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Bind 688, A139, 13.08.2024.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A formation pathway for terrestrial planets with moderate water content involving atmospheric-volatile recycling
AU - Müller, Jonas
AU - Bitsch, Bertram
AU - Schneider, Aaron David
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Authors 2024.
PY - 2024/8/13
Y1 - 2024/8/13
N2 - Of the many recently discovered terrestrial exoplanets, some are expected to harbor moderate water mass fractions of a few percent. The formation pathways that can produce planets with these water mass fractions are not fully understood. Here, we use the code chemcomp, which consists of a semi-analytical 1D protoplanetary disk model harboring a migrating and accreting planet, to model the growth and composition of planets with moderate water mass fractions by pebble accretion in a protoplanetary disk around a TRAPPIST-1 analog star. This star is accompanied by seven terrestrial planets, of which the outer four planets likely contain water mass fractions of between 1% and 10%. We adopt a published model that considers the evaporation of pebbles in the planetary envelope, from where recycling flows can transport the volatile vapor back into the disk. We find that with this model, the planetary water content depends on the influx rate of pebbles onto the planet. A decreasing pebble influx with time reduces the envelope temperature and consequently allows the formation of planets with moderate water mass fractions as inferred for the outer TRAPPIST-1 planets for a number of different simulation configurations. This is further evidence that the recycling of vapor is an important component of planet formation needed to explain the vast and diverse population of exoplanets.
AB - Of the many recently discovered terrestrial exoplanets, some are expected to harbor moderate water mass fractions of a few percent. The formation pathways that can produce planets with these water mass fractions are not fully understood. Here, we use the code chemcomp, which consists of a semi-analytical 1D protoplanetary disk model harboring a migrating and accreting planet, to model the growth and composition of planets with moderate water mass fractions by pebble accretion in a protoplanetary disk around a TRAPPIST-1 analog star. This star is accompanied by seven terrestrial planets, of which the outer four planets likely contain water mass fractions of between 1% and 10%. We adopt a published model that considers the evaporation of pebbles in the planetary envelope, from where recycling flows can transport the volatile vapor back into the disk. We find that with this model, the planetary water content depends on the influx rate of pebbles onto the planet. A decreasing pebble influx with time reduces the envelope temperature and consequently allows the formation of planets with moderate water mass fractions as inferred for the outer TRAPPIST-1 planets for a number of different simulation configurations. This is further evidence that the recycling of vapor is an important component of planet formation needed to explain the vast and diverse population of exoplanets.
KW - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW - planets and satellites: composition
KW - planets and satellites: formation
KW - protoplanetary disks
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202346748
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202346748
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85201424763
VL - 688
JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A139
ER -
ID: 403253949