Skin Blood Perfusion and Cellular Response to Insertion of Insulin Pen Needles With Different Diameters
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Skin Blood Perfusion and Cellular Response to Insertion of Insulin Pen Needles With Different Diameters. / Præstmark, Kezia Ann; Stallknecht, Bente Merete; Bo Jensen, Casper ; Berg Madsen, Nils; Kildegaard, Jonas.
I: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Bind 8, Nr. 4, 17.04.2014, s. 752-759.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Skin Blood Perfusion and Cellular Response to Insertion of Insulin Pen Needles With Different Diameters
AU - Præstmark, Kezia Ann
AU - Stallknecht, Bente Merete
AU - Bo Jensen, Casper
AU - Berg Madsen, Nils
AU - Kildegaard, Jonas
PY - 2014/4/17
Y1 - 2014/4/17
N2 - Today most research on pen needle design revolves around pain perception statements through clinical trials, but these are both costly, timely, and require high sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to test if tissue damage, caused by different types of needles, can be assessed by evaluating skin blood perfusion response around needle insertion sites. Three common sized pen needles of 28G, 30G, and 32G as well as hooked 32G needles, were inserted into the neck skin of pigs and then removed. Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis was used to measure skin blood perfusion for 20 minutes after the insertions. Seven pigs were included in the study and a total of 118 randomized needle insertions were conducted. Histology was made of tissue samples inserted with 18G, 28G, and 32G needles, and stained to quantify red and white blood cell response. Based on area under curve, calculated for each individual blood perfusion recording and grouped according to needle type, skin blood perfusion response relates to needle diameter. The response was significantly higher after insertions with 28G and hooked 32G needles than with 30G (P < .05) and 32G (P < .01) needles. Histology results were not significant, but there was a trend of an increased response with increasing needle diameter. Skin blood perfusion response to pen needle insertions rank according to needle diameter, and the tissue response caused by hooked 32G needles corresponds to that of 28G needles. The relation between needle diameter and trauma when analyzing histology was also suggested.
AB - Today most research on pen needle design revolves around pain perception statements through clinical trials, but these are both costly, timely, and require high sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to test if tissue damage, caused by different types of needles, can be assessed by evaluating skin blood perfusion response around needle insertion sites. Three common sized pen needles of 28G, 30G, and 32G as well as hooked 32G needles, were inserted into the neck skin of pigs and then removed. Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis was used to measure skin blood perfusion for 20 minutes after the insertions. Seven pigs were included in the study and a total of 118 randomized needle insertions were conducted. Histology was made of tissue samples inserted with 18G, 28G, and 32G needles, and stained to quantify red and white blood cell response. Based on area under curve, calculated for each individual blood perfusion recording and grouped according to needle type, skin blood perfusion response relates to needle diameter. The response was significantly higher after insertions with 28G and hooked 32G needles than with 30G (P < .05) and 32G (P < .01) needles. Histology results were not significant, but there was a trend of an increased response with increasing needle diameter. Skin blood perfusion response to pen needle insertions rank according to needle diameter, and the tissue response caused by hooked 32G needles corresponds to that of 28G needles. The relation between needle diameter and trauma when analyzing histology was also suggested.
KW - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
KW - diabetes
KW - Injections
KW - laser speckle contrast analysis
KW - needle size
KW - pen needles
KW - tissue damage
U2 - 10.1177/1932296814531099
DO - 10.1177/1932296814531099
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24876418
VL - 8
SP - 752
EP - 759
JO - Journal of diabetes science and technology
JF - Journal of diabetes science and technology
SN - 1932-2968
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 126686817