Personal diet-microbiota interactions and weight loss
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Standard
Personal diet-microbiota interactions and weight loss. / Roager, Henrik Munch; Christensen, Lars Hein.
I: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Bind 81, Nr. 3, 2022, s. 243-254.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Personal diet-microbiota interactions and weight loss
AU - Roager, Henrik Munch
AU - Christensen, Lars Hein
N1 - CURIS 2022 NEXS 077
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how person-specific interactions between diet and the gut microbiota could play a role in affecting diet-induced weight loss responses. The highly person-specific gut microbiota, which is shaped by our diet, secretes digestive enzymes and molecules that affect digestion in the colon. Therefore, weight loss responses could in part depend on personal colonic fermentation responses, which affect energy extraction of food and production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert various effects on host metabolism. Colonic fermentation is the net result of the complex interplay between availability of dietary substrates, the functional capacity of the gut microbiome and environmental (abiotic) factors in the gut such as pH and transit time. While animal studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can causally affect obesity, causal and mechanistic evidence from human studies is still largely lacking. However, recent human studies have proposed that the baseline gut microbiota composition may predict diet-induced weight loss-responses. In particular, individuals characterised by high relative abundance of Prevotella have been found to lose more weight on diets rich in dietary fibre compared to individuals with low Prevotella abundance. Although harnessing of personal diet-microbiota interactions holds promise for more personalised nutrition and obesity management strategies to improve human health, there is currently insufficient evidence to unequivocally link the gut microbiota and weight loss in human subjects. To move the field forward, a greater understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of personal diet-microbiota interactions is needed.
AB - The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how person-specific interactions between diet and the gut microbiota could play a role in affecting diet-induced weight loss responses. The highly person-specific gut microbiota, which is shaped by our diet, secretes digestive enzymes and molecules that affect digestion in the colon. Therefore, weight loss responses could in part depend on personal colonic fermentation responses, which affect energy extraction of food and production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert various effects on host metabolism. Colonic fermentation is the net result of the complex interplay between availability of dietary substrates, the functional capacity of the gut microbiome and environmental (abiotic) factors in the gut such as pH and transit time. While animal studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can causally affect obesity, causal and mechanistic evidence from human studies is still largely lacking. However, recent human studies have proposed that the baseline gut microbiota composition may predict diet-induced weight loss-responses. In particular, individuals characterised by high relative abundance of Prevotella have been found to lose more weight on diets rich in dietary fibre compared to individuals with low Prevotella abundance. Although harnessing of personal diet-microbiota interactions holds promise for more personalised nutrition and obesity management strategies to improve human health, there is currently insufficient evidence to unequivocally link the gut microbiota and weight loss in human subjects. To move the field forward, a greater understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of personal diet-microbiota interactions is needed.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - Personalised nutrition
KW - Gut microbiome
KW - Obesity
KW - Weight loss
U2 - 10.1017/S0029665122000805
DO - 10.1017/S0029665122000805
M3 - Review
C2 - 35258446
VL - 81
SP - 243
EP - 254
JO - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
JF - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
SN - 0029-6651
IS - 3
T2 - The Nutrition Society Winter Conference 2021
Y2 - 7 December 2021 through 8 December 2021
ER -
ID: 300078820