Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation
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Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation. / Hanada, Masanori; Shimada, Hidehiko; Wintergerst, Nico.
I: Journal of High Energy Physics, Bind 2021, Nr. 8, 039, 09.08.2021.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation
AU - Hanada, Masanori
AU - Shimada, Hidehiko
AU - Wintergerst, Nico
PY - 2021/8/9
Y1 - 2021/8/9
N2 - We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large-N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N-0 to N-2, which persists in the weak coupling region. Indistinguishability associated with the symmetry group - SU(N) or O(N) in gauge theory, and S-N permutations in the system of identical bosons - is crucial for the formation of the condensed (confined) phase. We relate standard criteria, based on off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) for BEC and the Polyakov loop for gauge theory. The constant offset of the distribution of the phases of the Polyakov loop corresponds to ODLRO, and gives the order parameter for the partially-(de)confined phase at finite coupling. We demonstrate this explicitly for several quantum mechanical systems (i.e., theories at small or zero spatial volume) at weak coupling, and argue that this mechanism extends to large volume and/or strong coupling. This viewpoint may have implications for confinement at finite N, and for quantum gravity via gauge/gravity duality.
AB - We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large-N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N-0 to N-2, which persists in the weak coupling region. Indistinguishability associated with the symmetry group - SU(N) or O(N) in gauge theory, and S-N permutations in the system of identical bosons - is crucial for the formation of the condensed (confined) phase. We relate standard criteria, based on off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) for BEC and the Polyakov loop for gauge theory. The constant offset of the distribution of the phases of the Polyakov loop corresponds to ODLRO, and gives the order parameter for the partially-(de)confined phase at finite coupling. We demonstrate this explicitly for several quantum mechanical systems (i.e., theories at small or zero spatial volume) at weak coupling, and argue that this mechanism extends to large volume and/or strong coupling. This viewpoint may have implications for confinement at finite N, and for quantum gravity via gauge/gravity duality.
KW - 1/N Expansion
KW - Gauge-gravity correspondence
KW - M(atrix) Theories
KW - Wilson
KW - 't Hooft and Polyakov loops
KW - PATH-INTEGRAL COMPUTATION
KW - PHASE-TRANSITION
KW - LIQUID-HELIUM
KW - ATOMIC THEORY
KW - GAUGE
KW - MODEL
U2 - 10.1007/JHEP08(2021)039
DO - 10.1007/JHEP08(2021)039
M3 - Journal article
VL - 2021
JO - Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)
JF - Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)
SN - 1126-6708
IS - 8
M1 - 039
ER -
ID: 276947122