The Ideal Gas in Slow Time
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The Ideal Gas in Slow Time. / Essex, Christopher; Andresen, Bjarne.
I: Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Bind 46, Nr. 1, 01.2021, s. 35-43.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Ideal Gas in Slow Time
AU - Essex, Christopher
AU - Andresen, Bjarne
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - We continue our exploration of thermodynamics at long observational timescales, "slow time," by including turbulent dynamics leading to a condition of fluctuating local equilibrium. Averaging these fluctuations in wind speed and temperature results in a velocity distribution with heavy tails which, however, are necessarily truncated at some large molecular speed preserving all moments of the velocity distribution including the energy. This leads to an expression for the ideal gas law in slow time which as its core has the superficially familiar term 3/2 Nk theta in addition to a term accounting for the large-scale fluctuations, which is also proportional to the particle number N;theta is a new temperature including thermalization of wind. The traditional temperature T no longer exists. Likewise, the additional energy term necessitates a new quantity that parallels entropy in the sense that it captures hidden degrees of freedom. Like entropy, it captures physical properties manifesting indirectly, but on scales larger than the familiar laboratory scales. We call this quantity epitropy.
AB - We continue our exploration of thermodynamics at long observational timescales, "slow time," by including turbulent dynamics leading to a condition of fluctuating local equilibrium. Averaging these fluctuations in wind speed and temperature results in a velocity distribution with heavy tails which, however, are necessarily truncated at some large molecular speed preserving all moments of the velocity distribution including the energy. This leads to an expression for the ideal gas law in slow time which as its core has the superficially familiar term 3/2 Nk theta in addition to a term accounting for the large-scale fluctuations, which is also proportional to the particle number N;theta is a new temperature including thermalization of wind. The traditional temperature T no longer exists. Likewise, the additional energy term necessitates a new quantity that parallels entropy in the sense that it captures hidden degrees of freedom. Like entropy, it captures physical properties manifesting indirectly, but on scales larger than the familiar laboratory scales. We call this quantity epitropy.
KW - slow time
KW - long time
KW - ideal gas law
KW - epitropy
U2 - 10.1515/jnet-2020-0007
DO - 10.1515/jnet-2020-0007
M3 - Journal article
VL - 46
SP - 35
EP - 43
JO - Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
JF - Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
SN - 0340-0204
IS - 1
ER -
ID: 256625588