Still Living in the Shadow of 1864? Danish Foreign Policy Doctrines and the Origins of Denmark’s Pragmatic Activism
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Research › peer-review
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Still Living in the Shadow of 1864? Danish Foreign Policy Doctrines and the Origins of Denmark’s Pragmatic Activism. / Wivel, Anders.
Danish Foreign Policy Yearbook 2014. ed. / Hans Mouritzen; Nanna Hvidt. København : DIIS, Danish Institute for International Studies, 2014. p. 109-139 (Danish Foreign Policy Review, Vol. 2014).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Research › peer-review
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TY - CHAP
T1 - Still Living in the Shadow of 1864?
T2 - Danish Foreign Policy Doctrines and the Origins of Denmark’s Pragmatic Activism
AU - Wivel, Anders
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - The Danish defeat to Prussia in 1864 is typically regarded as the starting point for a reactive and pragmatic foreign policy, which was only replaced by foreign policy activism by the end of the Cold War. In contrast, this article argues that by reinterpreting Danish foreign policy practice in the light of Danish foreign policy thinking, i.e. the doctrines providing the principles for conducting foreign policy, pragmatism and activism may both be viewed as integral aspects of Danish foreign policy since the early twentieth century. The article discusses how to define foreign policy doctrine and how doctrines relate to grand strategy and foreign policy practice and it sets up a simple framework for identifying doctrines and their role in Danish foreign policy. From this starting point it identifies two Danish foreign policy doctrines – the Munch doctrine and the Hækkerup doctrine and discusses how these two doctrines have served as central bodies of principles on Denmark’s role in Europe and the world. Two attempts at challenging the two dominant doctrines – the Danish ‘footnote policy’ towards NATO in the 1980s and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen’s ‘super atlanticism’ in the 2000s – are discussed and it is explored why both of these attempts at transforming Denmark’s position turned out to be ultimately unsuccessful.
AB - The Danish defeat to Prussia in 1864 is typically regarded as the starting point for a reactive and pragmatic foreign policy, which was only replaced by foreign policy activism by the end of the Cold War. In contrast, this article argues that by reinterpreting Danish foreign policy practice in the light of Danish foreign policy thinking, i.e. the doctrines providing the principles for conducting foreign policy, pragmatism and activism may both be viewed as integral aspects of Danish foreign policy since the early twentieth century. The article discusses how to define foreign policy doctrine and how doctrines relate to grand strategy and foreign policy practice and it sets up a simple framework for identifying doctrines and their role in Danish foreign policy. From this starting point it identifies two Danish foreign policy doctrines – the Munch doctrine and the Hækkerup doctrine and discusses how these two doctrines have served as central bodies of principles on Denmark’s role in Europe and the world. Two attempts at challenging the two dominant doctrines – the Danish ‘footnote policy’ towards NATO in the 1980s and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen’s ‘super atlanticism’ in the 2000s – are discussed and it is explored why both of these attempts at transforming Denmark’s position turned out to be ultimately unsuccessful.
KW - Faculty of Social Sciences
KW - Danish foreign policy
KW - foreign policy doctrine
M3 - Book chapter
SN - 9788776056919
T3 - Danish Foreign Policy Review
SP - 109
EP - 139
BT - Danish Foreign Policy Yearbook 2014
A2 - Mouritzen, Hans
A2 - Hvidt, Nanna
PB - DIIS, Danish Institute for International Studies
CY - København
ER -
ID: 139815724