How do we assess energy availability and RED-S risk factors in para athletes?
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
Low energy availability (LEA) is considered to be the underlying cause of a number of maladaptations in athletes, including impaired physiological function, low bone mineral density (BMD), and hormonal dysfunction. This is collectively referred to as 'Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport' (RED-S). LEA is calculated through assessment of dietary energy intake (EI), exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and fat-free mass (FFM). The incidence of LEA in Paralympic athletes is relatively unknown; however, there are legitimate concerns that Para athletes may be at even higher risk of LEA than able-bodied athletes. Unfortunately, there are numerous issues with the application of LEA assessment tools and the criterion for diagnosis within the context of a Para population. The calculation of EEE, in particular, is limited by a distinct lack of published data that cover a range of impairments and activities. In addition, for several RED-S-related factors, it is difficult to distinguish whether they are truly related to LEA or a consequence of the athlete's impairment and medical history. This narrative review outlines deficits and complexities when assessing RED-S and LEA in Para athletes, presents the information that we do have, and provides suggestions for future progress in this important area of sports nutrition.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1068 |
Journal | Nutrients |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 5 |
Number of pages | 10 |
ISSN | 2072-6643 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
- Athletes, Energy intake, Humans, Para athletes, Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, Risk Factors
- Faculty of Science - Low energy availability, Resting metabolic rate, Hormones, Bone health, Assessment
Research areas
ID: 343341285