The Mastcam-Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time-Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars
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The Mastcam-Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time-Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars. / Merusi, Marco; Kinch, Kjartan Münster; Madsen, Morten Bo; Bell III, James F.; Maki, Justin N.; Hayes, Alexander G.; Joseph, Jonathan; Johnson, Jeffrey R. ; Rice, Melissa; Cloutis, Edward A.; Applin, Dan; Lemmon, Mark T.; Vaughan, Alicia F.; Núñez, Jorge I.; Jensen, Elsa; Kristensen, Jessica Zimmer; Paris, Kristen; Cisneros, Ernest; Kennedy, Megan R.; Gasnault, Olivier.
In: Earth and Space Science, Vol. 9, No. 12, e2022EA002552, 19.11.2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Mastcam-Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time-Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars
AU - Merusi, Marco
AU - Kinch, Kjartan Münster
AU - Madsen, Morten Bo
AU - Bell III, James F.
AU - Maki, Justin N.
AU - Hayes, Alexander G.
AU - Joseph, Jonathan
AU - Johnson, Jeffrey R.
AU - Rice, Melissa
AU - Cloutis, Edward A.
AU - Applin, Dan
AU - Lemmon, Mark T.
AU - Vaughan, Alicia F.
AU - Núñez, Jorge I.
AU - Jensen, Elsa
AU - Kristensen, Jessica Zimmer
AU - Paris, Kristen
AU - Cisneros, Ernest
AU - Kennedy, Megan R.
AU - Gasnault, Olivier
PY - 2022/11/19
Y1 - 2022/11/19
N2 - The Mastcam-Z radiometric calibration targets mounted on the NASA's Perseverance rover proved to be effective in the calibration of Mastcam-Z images to reflectance (I/F) over the first 350 sols on Mars. Mastcam-Z imaged the calibration targets regularly to perform reflectance calibration on multispectral image sets of targets on the Martian surface. For each calibration target image, mean radiance values were extracted for 41 distinct regions of the targets, including patches of color and grayscale materials. Eight strong permanent magnets, placed under the primary target, attracted magnetic dust and repelled it from central surfaces, allowing the extraction of radiance values from eight regions relatively clean from dust. These radiances were combined with reflectances obtained from laboratory measurements, a one-term linear fit model was applied, and the slopes of the fits were retrieved as estimates of the solar irradiance and used to convert Mastcam-Z images from radiance to reflectance. Derived irradiance time series are smoothly varying in line with expectations based on the changing Mars-Sun distance, being only perturbed by a few significant dust events. The deposition of dust on the calibration targets was largely concentrated on the magnets, ensuring a minimal influence of dust on the calibration process. The fraction of sunlight directly hitting the calibration targets was negatively correlated with the atmospheric optical depth, as expected. Further investigation will aim at explaining the origin of a small offset observed in the fit model employed for calibration, and the causes of a yellowing effect affecting one of the calibration targets materials.
AB - The Mastcam-Z radiometric calibration targets mounted on the NASA's Perseverance rover proved to be effective in the calibration of Mastcam-Z images to reflectance (I/F) over the first 350 sols on Mars. Mastcam-Z imaged the calibration targets regularly to perform reflectance calibration on multispectral image sets of targets on the Martian surface. For each calibration target image, mean radiance values were extracted for 41 distinct regions of the targets, including patches of color and grayscale materials. Eight strong permanent magnets, placed under the primary target, attracted magnetic dust and repelled it from central surfaces, allowing the extraction of radiance values from eight regions relatively clean from dust. These radiances were combined with reflectances obtained from laboratory measurements, a one-term linear fit model was applied, and the slopes of the fits were retrieved as estimates of the solar irradiance and used to convert Mastcam-Z images from radiance to reflectance. Derived irradiance time series are smoothly varying in line with expectations based on the changing Mars-Sun distance, being only perturbed by a few significant dust events. The deposition of dust on the calibration targets was largely concentrated on the magnets, ensuring a minimal influence of dust on the calibration process. The fraction of sunlight directly hitting the calibration targets was negatively correlated with the atmospheric optical depth, as expected. Further investigation will aim at explaining the origin of a small offset observed in the fit model employed for calibration, and the causes of a yellowing effect affecting one of the calibration targets materials.
U2 - 10.1029/2022EA002552
DO - 10.1029/2022EA002552
M3 - Journal article
VL - 9
JO - Earth and Space Science
JF - Earth and Space Science
SN - 2333-5084
IS - 12
M1 - e2022EA002552
ER -
ID: 329576430