Molecular freeze-out as a tracer of the thermal and dynamical evolution of pre- And protostellar cores
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Radiative transfer models of multi-transition observations are used to determine molecular abundances as functions of position in pre- and protostellar cores. The data require a "drop" abundance profile with radius, with high abundances in the outermost regions probed by low excitation 3 mm lines, and much lower abundances at intermediate zones probed by higher frequency lines. The results are illustrated by detailed analysis of CO and HCO + lines for a subset of objects. We propose a scenario in which the molecules are frozen out in a region of the envelope where the temperature is low enough (≲40 K) to prevent immediate desorption, but where the density is high enough (>104-105 cm-3) that the freeze-out timescales are shorter than the lifetime of the core. The size of the freeze-out zone is thereby a record of the thermal and dynamical evolution of the cores. Fits to CO data for a sample of 16 objects indicate that the size of the freeze-out zone decreases significantly between class 0 and I objects, explaining the variations in, for example, CO abundances with envelope masses. However, the corresponding timescales are 105±0.5 years, with no significant difference between class 0 and I objects. These timescales suggest that the dense pre-stellar phase with heavy depletions lasts only a short time, of the order of 105 yr, in agreement with recent chemical-dynamical models.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
Volume | 435 |
Issue number | 1 |
Pages (from-to) | 177-182 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 0004-6361 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 May 2005 |
Externally published | Yes |
- ISM: abundances, ISM: molecules, Stars: formation
Research areas
ID: 234015857